The Copyright Licencing Agency Higher Education (CLAHE) Licence 

This is the main licence affecting day to day copying and digitization within the University.  Subject to the limitations set out below, the CLA Licence enables University of Sunderland staff to make photocopies and digitise extracts from printed books, journals and magazines published in the UK and other territories including the USA, Canada, Australia and all the major European countries. In addition, digital copies can be created from those digital material publishers that have opted-in to the CLA Licence (see http://he.cla.co.uk/complying-with-your-license/what-can-be-copied/digital-material-publishers/ for an up to date list). If the publisher of a digital original publication is not shown on this list then the material may not be copied or re-used under the terms of the licence. 

This means:

• Journal articles may be copied regardless of whether obtained as part of a journal subscription or obtained as a ‘pay-per-view’ single article
• Material that is copied may be stored in a secure server and made available via Library Reading Lists
• Digital copies may be downloaded by students
• Digital copies may be printed out (for use in the classroom and individual study) and retained by the student

The CLA Licence permits copying for educational purposes within the institution providing:

• the original publication is owned by the University or;
• a copyright fee paid copy is held by the University or;
• in the case of digital material, the University owns or has lawful access to it under contract or licence
• copies are made only from the current published edition
• in relation to scanning, the works must be clean, i.e. not annotated.

The CLA Licence applies only to current students and staff employed by the University of Sunderland.

Multiple photocopies and digitised extracts must only be distributed with reference to a specific course of study.

Copying limitations

• up to 10% or one whole chapter (whichever is the greater) from a book
• up to 10% or one whole article (whichever is the greater) from a single issue of a journal
• up to 10% or one paper (whichever is the greater) from a set of conference proceedings
• up to 10% of an anthology of short stories or poems or one short story or one poem of not more than 10 pages (whichever is the greater)
• up to 10% or one single case (whichever is the greater) from a published report of judicial proceedings.

Lawful copying in excess of these allowances is permitted only at the discretion of the copyright owner and may be subject to the payment of a fee, please see the Library Digitization Guide for details for details.

Who can make copies?

• Photocopying may be undertaken by staff or students of the University.
• Scanning/Digital copies for reading lists may only be undertaken by members of the library's Digitization Team.

The CLA Licence applies a maximum limit to the number of multiple copies of an extract that can be made.

• The number of copies of any one extract of licensed material should not exceed the number needed to ensure that each student enrolled on a course of study (together with the course tutor) is supplied with one copy. 
• No further on-copying is permitted and copies may not be permanently stored in a photocopiers memory.

Excluded Works

The following categories of material may not be copied under the CLA Licence:

• newspapers (covered by the NLA Licence) 
• printed music (including lyrics)
• maps (OS covered by the OS Licence), charts or books of tables
• workbooks and assignment sheets
• any work where the copyright owner has expressly stated that permission is not granted for copying  under this licence
• unpublished materials (for example, theses, dissertations, assignments and other materials intended for short term use i.e. in-house company brochures, pamphlets, reports, catalogues etc)
• publications in the 'List of Excluded Categories and Excluded Works' see http://he.cla.co.uk/complying-with-your-license/what-cant-be-copied-2/excluded-works/;
• works published outside the UK and the International Territories see http://he.cla.co.uk/complying-with-your-license/what-cant-be-copied/international-territories/ for up to date information);
• works published by US publishers that have not opted-in to the licence (see http://he.cla.co.uk/complying-with-your-license/what-cant-be-copied/international-territories/ );

Please note, some separate illustrations, diagrams and photographs may not always fall under the CLA Licence. Before copying such material, you should make enquiry as to whether consent from individual rights' holders is required.

Material published electronically or on the Internet

The Licence covers the downloading and copying of electronic material from some free-to-view websites (see http://he.cla.co.uk/complying-with-your-licence/what-can-be-copied/digital-material-publishers/).

Registered distance learning students

The CLA Licence permits copies, either paper-based or digital, to be made in the UK only.  They may not be made by staff/students whilst overseas. However, distance learning students may receive photocopies and view, download or print digital copies prepared in the UK.