The Copyright Licencing Agency Higher Education (CLAHE) Licence is the main licence affecting day-to-day copying and digitisation within the University. Subject to the limitations set out below, the CLA HE Licence allows University of Sunderland staff to make photocopies and digitise extracts from printed books, journals, and magazines published in the UK and other territories, including the USA, Canada, Australia and all the major European countries.

In addition, digital copies can be created from those digital material publishers that have opted in to the CLA Licence (see the CLA website for an up-to-date list). If the publisher of a digital original publication is not shown on this list, then the material may not be copied or reused under the terms of the licence.

The CLA Licence applies only to current students and staff employed by the University of Sunderland.

The CLA Licence permits copying specified amounts for educational purposes within the institution, providing:

• The original publication is owned by the University or;
• A copyright fee paid copy is held by the University or;
• In the case of digital material, the University owns or has lawful access to it under contract or licence.
• Copies are made only from the current published edition.
• In relation to scanning, the works must be clean, i.e. not annotated.

This means:

• Journal articles may be copied regardless of whether obtained as part of a journal subscription or obtained as a ‘pay-per-view’ single article.
• Material that is copied may be stored in a secure server and made available via Library Reading Lists.
• Digital copies may be downloaded by students,
• Digital copies may be printed out (for use in the classroom and individual study) and retained by the student.

Multiple photocopies and digitised extracts must only be distributed with reference to a specific course of study.

The CLA HE Licence permits copies, either paper-based or digital, to be made in the UK only. They may not be made by staff or students whilst overseas. However, distance learning students may receive photocopies and view, download, and print digital copies prepared in the UK.

Lawful copying over the allowances detailed below is permitted only at the discretion of the copyright owner and may be subject to the payment of a fee. If you require more than the amounts specified below, please read the Library's Digitisation Guide and email the Library's digitisation team for advice.

• up to 10% or one whole chapter (whichever is the greater) from a book.
• up to 10% or one whole article (whichever is the greater) from a single issue of a journal.
• up to 10% or one paper (whichever is the greater) from a set of conference proceedings.
• up to 10% of an anthology of short stories or poems, or one short story or one poem of not more than 10 pages (whichever is the greater).
• up to 10% or one single case (whichever is the greater) from a published report of judicial proceedings.

The CLA Licence applies a maximum limit to the number of multiple copies of an extract that can be made.

• The number of copies of any one extract of licensed material should not exceed the number needed to ensure that each student enrolled on a course of study (together with the course tutor) is supplied with one copy. 
• Multiple photocopies and digitised extracts must only be distributed with reference to a specific course of study.
• No further on-copying is allowed, and copies may not be permanently stored in a photocopier's memory.